Specializes In: Anniversaries, Birthday, Sweet 16 (Sweet Sixteen), Holiday, School Dances, Corporate Events Bar Mitzvahs, Church, Graduation, Weddings Receptions, Fund Raisers, Motorcycle and Poker Run Entertainment, CLUBS and BARS – Are Our Specialty!
Another Badd creation Mobile DJ
Serving Clay and Duval Counties FL, From: Keystone Heights FL 32656,Middleburg, Greencove Springs, Starke, Waldo, Palatka, Gainesville,Melrose, and Jacksonville Florida
I
wanted to thank you guys so very much for doing a fantastic job! The
reception was a huge hit and everyone just enjoyed themselves so much. We
also got many compliments concerning Rick and how he kept everything
going. Rick did a marvelous job!
I hope
you have a most wonderful day!
Thanks
again,
Marty
Congratulations to Mr and Mrs Preston Rhoden
We were the venue for the Reception At Marty's Sons Wedding, Marty is also a wedding planner can you imagine the stress of being the Wedding planner for your own sons wedding? Marty handed over the Days events to his assistant, It was a great wedding and everything was perfect I think Marty and his assistant even held the rain off until the event was over. If you want a calm organized, and awesome Wedding planner Marty Rhoden is it.
Another Badd Creation Productions (Clay County Mobile DJ Service, 32656)
Renegade Rescues SOA pup's are ready for Adoption. Tara already has a new home but the rest are ready for adoption now. For more info contact: renegade.rescues@hotmail.com
Another Badd Creation Productions (Clay County Mobile DJ Service, 32656)
Okay let's kick this thing off...lol...remember today we begin to
feature only two puppies per day!! We are going to place each one up
with the character they were named after!! SUPRISE!! That was a "Team
Rick" moment, lol I can't even take credit for the idea! HA All ,of
MIA'S PUPS are named after NCIS. We are going to feature GIBBS and ABBY
today! Here's GIBBS!! GIBBS is one of MIA'S PUPS and GIBBS is 6 weeks
old today! He seems to draw the most interest however he is still
available for adoption and is ready to move on to his home for life! He
began his earlier days being the "hoss" of the litter of 7 however, in
his now roll he seems to be a very laid back little pup. He was the
first to walk, open his eyes and the first and last to the "dinner
table". Now he has discoved food not much has changed! lol My boy knows
he can eat! He is still a very strong little pup but not the first to go
and explore the world any longer. He is the ONLY white pup born to both
litters. He does have brown tips on his ears, nose and toes. I thought
he would end up being my trouble maker of the litter, but he is far from
that. He is just a delightful little pup that loves to eat, sleep and
snuggle. For more info on GIBBS email renegade.rescues@hotmail.com
Puppies for adoption for more information email renegade.rescues@hotmail.com, Pups are 41 days old 12 of the 13 left, These were rescues and need good homes, If you or someone you know are looking for a pup they are ready for Adoption most of all no fee's to adopt only good homes. See them on Facebook search Renegade Rescue.
Please keep in mind Another Badd Creation Mobile DJ Service funds Renegade Rescues a rescue for Abused dogs. These puppies were born to two mothers the mothers came to us pregnant. This puppies have their own personalities one has been adopted thus far and she is now living in Alabama.
See our Clay County Florida Mobile DJ Service on
Thumbtack. For all your Corporate, private and sweet 16 party needs, Another
Badd Creation Mobile DJ Service is just a phone call away "(352)
478-2313".
Need a Wedding Reception DJ we can help to make your
Big day a success
All Events – Bar Mitzvahs, Church, Graduation,
Weddings Receptions, Fund- Raisers All parties – Anniversaries, Birthday,
Sweet 16, Holiday, School Dances, Corporate Event Motorcycle and Poker Run
Entertainment , CLUBS and BARS – Are Our Specialty!
anotherbaddcreation@inbox.com
(352) 478-2313 Serving Clay and Duval Counties From: Keystone
Heights,Middleburg, Greencove Springs, Starke, Waldo, Palatka, Gainesville,
Melrose, and Jacksonville Florida.
Today’s Posts have been in Honor of the Victims, The Hero’s the Firemen, police, first responders, the people who helped others even if it could mean the loss of their own lives, Thank you to our Brave men and women from the Army, Navy, Air force, Marines and National Guard, Those who lost their lives, Those who have returned and those who are still defending us.
I remember that morning where I was and what I was doing and the silence that fell, working in a Technical Support group (I cannot mention the company name but I am still with them today) Customers call all the time 24 hours a day.
My memories of that day:
The day started has any other I woke up cranked up the bike stopped and got coffee, and on the way to my Job. When I arrived I talked with co-workers and headed to my desk and to my phone to assist customers, It started off like any day lots of call’s and escalations, Then the phones stopped no call’s at all The support tickets stopped coming in, I noticed people looking around from all departments. My first reaction was to test the phones for all departments and I was able to reach Agents in all our departments. Then I saw our Mangers, Project Managers, and the President and Vice President at my Job gathered around a TV and they all looked serious, Shortly after this an e-mail went out explain what was happening, and the reports continued throughout the day. The silence remained through my shift you could see the fear, sadness and anger in my co-workers faces.
Please take a moment on this day to remember those who lost their lives those who gave their lives and the Hero’s that arose from the ashes. Take a moment to thank a soldier if you happen to see one for the sacrifices they have made.
Another Badd Creation Productions (Clay County Mobile DJ Service, 32656)
On Sept. 20, 2001, President Bush delivered an inspirational speech to America that rallied support for the “War on Terror,” which would eventually lead to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Following is the full text of President Bush's address to a joint session of Congress and the nation.
BUSH: Mr. Speaker, Mr. President Pro Tempore, members of Congress, and fellow Americans, in the normal course of events, presidents come to this chamber to report on the state of the union. Tonight, no such report is needed; it has already been delivered by the American people.
We have seen it in the courage of passengers who rushed terrorists to save others on the ground. Passengers like an exceptional man named Todd Beamer. And would you please help me welcome his wife Lisa Beamer here tonight?
(APPLAUSE)
We have seen the state of our union in the endurance of rescuers working past exhaustion.
We've seen the unfurling of flags, the lighting of candles, the giving of blood, the saying of prayers in English, Hebrew and Arabic.
We have seen the decency of a loving and giving people who have made the grief of strangers their own.
My fellow citizens, for the last nine days, the entire world has seen for itself the state of union, and it is strong.
(APPLAUSE)
Tonight, we are a country awakened to danger and called to defend freedom. Our grief has turned to anger and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done.
(APPLAUSE)
I thank the Congress for its leadership at such an important time.
All of America was touched on the evening of the tragedy to see Republicans and Democrats joined together on the steps of this Capitol singing ``God Bless America.''
And you did more than sing. You acted, by delivering $40 billion to rebuild our communities and meet the needs of our military. Speaker Hastert, Minority Leader Gephardt, Majority Leader Daschle and Senator Lott, I thank you for your friendship, for your leadership and for your service to our country.
(APPLAUSE)
And on behalf of the American people, I thank the world for its outpouring of support.
America will never forget the sounds of our national anthem playing at Buckingham Palace, on the streets of Paris and at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.
We will not forget South Korean children gathering to pray outside our embassy in Seoul, or the prayers of sympathy offered at a mosque in Cairo.
We will not forget moments of silence and days of mourning in Australia and Africa and Latin America.
Nor will we forget the citizens of 80 other nations who died with our own. Dozens of Pakistanis, more than 130 Israelis, more than 250 citizens of India, men and women from El Salvador, Iran, Mexico and Japan, and hundreds of British citizens.
America has no truer friend than Great Britain.
(APPLAUSE)
Once again, we are joined together in a great cause.
I'm so honored the British prime minister had crossed an ocean to show his unity with America.
Thank you for coming, friend.
(APPLAUSE)
On September the 11th, enemies of freedom committed an act of war against our country. Americans have known wars, but for the past 136 years they have been wars on foreign soil, except for one Sunday in 1941. Americans have known the casualties of war, but not at the center of a great city on a peaceful morning.
Americans have known surprise attacks, but never before on thousands of civilians.
All of this was brought upon us in a single day, and night fell on a different world, a world where freedom itself is under attack.
Americans have many questions tonight. Americans are asking, ``Who attacked our country?''
The evidence we have gathered all points to a collection of loosely affiliated terrorist organizations known as al Qaeda. They are some of the murderers indicted for bombing American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya and responsible for bombing the USS Cole.
Al Qaeda is to terror what the Mafia is to crime. But its goal is not making money, its goal is remaking the world and imposing its radical beliefs on people everywhere.
The terrorists practice a fringe form of Islamic extremism that has been rejected by Muslim scholars and the vast majority of Muslim clerics; a fringe movement that perverts the peaceful teachings of Islam.
The terrorists' directive commands them to kill Christians and Jews, to kill all Americans and make no distinctions among military and civilians, including women and children.
This group and its leader, a person named Osama bin Laden, are linked to many other organizations in different countries, including the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan.
There are thousands of these terrorists in more than 60 countries.
They are recruited from their own nations and neighborhoods and brought to camps in places like Afghanistan where they are trained in the tactics of terror. They are sent back to their homes or sent to hide in countries around the world to plot evil and destruction.
The leadership of Al Qaeda has great influence in Afghanistan and supports the Taliban regime in controlling most of that country. In Afghanistan we see Al Qaeda's vision for the world. Afghanistan's people have been brutalized, many are starving and many have fled.
Women are not allowed to attend school. You can be jailed for owning a television. Religion can be practiced only as their leaders dictate. A man can be jailed in Afghanistan if his beard is not long enough.
The United States respects the people of Afghanistan--after all, we are currently its largest source of humanitarian aid--but we condemn the Taliban regime.
(APPLAUSE)
It is not only repressing its own people, it is threatening people everywhere by sponsoring and sheltering and supplying terrorists.
By aiding and abetting murder, the Taliban regime is committing murder. And tonight the United States of America makes the following demands on the Taliban.
Deliver to United States authorities all of the leaders of Al Quaeda who hide in your land.
(APPLAUSE)
Release all foreign nationals, including American citizens you have unjustly imprisoned. Protect foreign journalists, diplomats and aid workers in your country. Close immediately and permanently every terrorist training camp in Afghanistan. And hand over every terrorist and every person and their support structure to appropriate authorities.
(APPLAUSE) Give the United States full access to terrorist training camps, so we can make sure they are no longer operating.
These demands are not open to negotiation or discussion.
(APPLAUSE)
The Taliban must act and act immediately.
They will hand over the terrorists or they will share in their fate.
I also want to speak tonight directly to Muslims throughout the world. We respect your faith. It's practiced freely by many millions of Americans and by millions more in countries that America counts as friends. Its teachings are good and peaceful, and those who commit evil in the name of Allah blaspheme the name of Allah.
(APPLAUSE)
The terrorists are traitors to their own faith, trying, in effect, to hijack Islam itself.
The enemy of America is not our many Muslim friends. It is not our many Arab friends. Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them.
(APPLAUSE)
Our war on terror begins with Al Qaeda, but it does not end there.
It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated.
(APPLAUSE)
Americans are asking ``Why do they hate us?''
They hate what they see right here in this chamber: a democratically elected government. Their leaders are self-appointed. They hate our freedoms: our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, our freedom to vote and assemble and disagree with each other.
They want to overthrow existing governments in many Muslim countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. They want to drive Israel out of the Middle East. They want to drive Christians and Jews out of vast regions of Asia and Africa.
These terrorists kill not merely to end lives, but to disrupt and end a way of life. With every atrocity, they hope that America grows fearful, retreating from the world and forsaking our friends. They stand against us because we stand in their way.
We're not deceived by their pretenses to piety.
We have seen their kind before. They're the heirs of all the murderous ideologies of the 20th century. By sacrificing human life to serve their radical visions, by abandoning every value except the will to power, they follow in the path of fascism, Nazism and totalitarianism. And they will follow that path all the way to where it ends in history's unmarked grave of discarded lies.
(APPLAUSE)
Americans are asking, "How will we fight and win this war?''
We will direct every resource at our command--every means of diplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence, and every necessary weapon of war--to the destruction and to the defeat of the global terror network.
Now, this war will not be like the war against Iraq a decade ago, with a decisive liberation of territory and a swift conclusion. It will not look like the air war above Kosovo two years ago, where no ground troops were used and not a single American was lost in combat.
Our response involves far more than instant retaliation and isolated strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign unlike any other we have ever seen. It may include dramatic strikes visible on TV and covert operations secret even in success.
We will starve terrorists of funding, turn them one against another, drive them from place to place until there is no refuge or no rest.
And we will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation in every region now has a decision to make: Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists.
(APPLAUSE)
From this day forward, any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime. Our nation has been put on notice, we're not immune from attack. We will take defensive measures against terrorism to protect Americans.
Today, dozens of federal departments and agencies, as well as state and local governments, have responsibilities affecting homeland security.
These efforts must be coordinated at the highest level. So tonight, I announce the creation of a Cabinet-level position reporting directly to me, the Office of Homeland Security.
And tonight, I also announce a distinguished American to lead this effort, to strengthen American security: a military veteran, an effective governor, a true patriot, a trusted friend, Pennsylvania's Tom Ridge.
(APPLAUSE)
He will lead, oversee and coordinate a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard our country against terrorism and respond to any attacks that may come.
These measures are essential. The only way to defeat terrorism as a threat to our way of life is to stop it, eliminate it and destroy it where it grows.
(APPLAUSE)
Many will be involved in this effort, from FBI agents, to intelligence operatives, to the reservists we have called to active duty. All deserve our thanks, and all have our prayers.
And tonight a few miles from the damaged Pentagon, I have a message for our military: Be ready. I have called the armed forces to alert, and there is a reason.
The hour is coming when America will act, and you will make us proud.
This is not, however, just America's fight. And what is at stake is not just America's freedom.
This is the world's fight. This is civilization's fight. This is the fight of all who believe in progress and pluralism, tolerance and freedom.
We ask every nation to join us. We will ask and we will need the help of police forces, intelligence service and banking systems around the world. The United States is grateful that many nations and many international organizations have already responded with sympathy and with support--nations from Latin America to Asia to Africa to Europe to the Islamic world.
Perhaps the NATO charter reflects best the attitude of the world: An attack on one is an attack on all. The civilized world is rallying to America's side.
They understand that if this terror goes unpunished, their own cities, their own citizens may be next. Terror unanswered can not only bring down buildings, it can threaten the stability of legitimate governments.
And you know what? We're not going to allow it.
(APPLAUSE)
Americans are asking, ``What is expected of us?''
I ask you to live your lives and hug your children.
I know many citizens have fears tonight, and I ask you to be calm and resolute, even in the face of a continuing threat.
I ask you to uphold the values of America and remember why so many have come here.
We're in a fight for our principles, and our first responsibility is to live by them. No one should be singled out for unfair treatment or unkind words because of their ethnic background or religious faith.
(APPLAUSE)
I ask you to continue to support the victims of this tragedy with your contributions. Those who want to give can go to a central source of information, Libertyunites.org, to find the names of groups providing direct help in New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia.
The thousands of FBI agents who are now at work in this investigation may need your cooperation, and I ask you to give it. I ask for your patience with the delays and inconveniences that may accompany tighter security and for your patience in what will be a long struggle.
I ask your continued participation and confidence in the American economy. Terrorists attacked a symbol of American prosperity; they did not touch its source.
America is successful because of the hard work and creativity and enterprise of our people. These were the true strengths of our economy before September 11, and they are our strengths today.
And finally, please continue praying for the victims of terror and their families, for those in uniform and for our great country. Prayer has comforted us in sorrow and will help strengthen us for the journey ahead.
Tonight I thank my fellow Americans for what you have already done and for what you will do.
And ladies and gentlemen of the Congress, I thank you, their representatives, for what you have already done and for what we will do together.
Tonight we face new and sudden national challenges.
We will come together to improve air safety, to dramatically expand the number of air marshals on domestic flights and take new measures to prevent hijacking.
We will come together to promote stability and keep our airlines flying with direct assistance during this emergency.
(APPLAUSE)
We will come together to give law enforcement the additional tools it needs to track down terror here at home.
(APPLAUSE)
We will come together to strengthen our intelligence capabilities to know the plans of terrorists before they act and to find them before they strike.
(APPLAUSE)
We will come together to take active steps that strengthen America's economy and put our people back to work.
Tonight, we welcome two leaders who embody the extraordinary spirit of all New Yorkers, Governor George Pataki and Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.
(APPLAUSE)
As a symbol of America's resolve, my administration will work with Congress and these two leaders to show the world that we will rebuild New York City.
(APPLAUSE)
After all that has just passed, all the lives taken and all the possibilities and hopes that died with them, it is natural to wonder if America's future is one of fear.
Some speak of an age of terror. I know there are struggles ahead and dangers to face. But this country will define our times, not be defined by them.
As long as the United States of America is determined and strong, this will not be an age of terror. This will be an age of liberty here and across the world.
(APPLAUSE)
Great harm has been done to us. We have suffered great loss. And in our grief and anger we have found our mission and our moment.
Freedom and fear are at war. The advance of human freedom, the great achievement of our time and the great hope of every time, now depends on us.
Our nation, this generation, will lift the dark threat of violence from our people and our future. We will rally the world to this cause by our efforts, by our courage. We will not tire, we will not falter and we will not fail.
(APPLAUSE)
It is my hope that in the months and years ahead life will return almost to normal. We'll go back to our lives and routines and that is good.
Even grief recedes with time and grace.
But our resolve must not pass. Each of us will remember what happened that day and to whom it happened. We will remember the moment the news came, where we were and what we were doing.
Some will remember an image of a fire or story or rescue. Some will carry memories of a face and a voice gone forever.
And I will carry this. It is the police shield of a man named George Howard who died at the World Trade Center trying to save others.
It was given to me by his mom, Arlene (ph), as a proud memorial to her son. It is my reminder of lives that ended and a task that does not end.
(APPLAUSE)
I will not forget the wound to our country and those who inflicted it. I will not yield, I will not rest, I will not relent in waging this struggle for freedom and security for the American people.
The course of this conflict is not known, yet its outcome is certain. Freedom and fear, justice and cruelty, have always been at war, and we know that God is not neutral between them.
(APPLAUSE)
Fellow citizens, we'll meet violence with patient justice, assured of the rightness of our cause and confident of the victories to come.
In all that lies before us, may God grant us wisdom and may he watch over the United States of America.
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda (or al-Qa'ida, pronounced al-KYE-da) surpassed the IRA, Hamas, and Hezbollah as the world's most infamous terrorist organization. Al-Qaeda—"the base" in Arabic—is the network of extremists organized by Osama bin Laden The death of bin Laden, who was killed in a joint operation by U.S. troops and CIA operatives in May 2011, complicated the future of al-Qaeda. Some speculated that the group will be emboldened and seek retaliation, while others wondered if it might founder without its supreme leader. In June, U.S. officials announced that after pouring through the documents and computer files taken from bin Laden's compound, they confirmed their assumption that al-Qaedain Afghanistan and Pakistan has been seriously weakened as a result of U.S. counterterrorism operations undertaken in Pakistan.
More than a month after bin Laden's death al-Qaeda named Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, al-Qaeda's theological leader, as its leader.
Bin Laden's death was followed in June by the demise of another powerful, top-ranking al-Qaeda leader, Fazul Abdullah Mohammed. He was the leader of al-Qaeda in East Africa and organized the U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in August 1998. He was killed during a shootout at a security checkpoint in Mogadishu, Somalia.
The Mujahideen
Al-Qaeda has its origins in the uprising against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Thousands of volunteers from around the Middle East came to Afghanistan as mujahideen, warriors fighting to defend fellow Muslims. In the mid-1980s, Osama bin Laden became the prime financier for an organization that recruited Muslims from mosques around the world. These "Afghan Arab" mujahideen, which numbered in the thousands, were crucial in defeating Soviet forces.
After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, bin Laden returned to his native Saudi Arabia. He founded an organization to help veterans of the Afghan war, many of whom went on to fight elsewhere (including Bosnia) and comprise the basis of al-Qaeda.
Bin Laden also studied with radical Islamic thinkers and may have already been organizing al-Qaeda when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. Bin Laden was outraged when the government allowed U.S. troops to be stationed in Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Islam. In 1991 he was expelled from Saudi Arabia for anti-government activities.
The Rise of al-Qaeda
After his expulsion from Saudi Arabia, bin Laden established headquarters for al-Qaeda in Khartoum, Sudan. The first actions of al-Qaeda against American interests were attacks on U.S. servicemen in Somalia. A string of terrorist actions suspected to have been orchestrated by al-Qaeda followed (see sidebar), and in August 1996 bin Laden issued a "Declaration of War" against the U.S.
Al-Qaeda also worked to forge alliances with other radical groups. In February 1998, bin Laden announced an alliance of terrorist organizations—the "International Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders"—that included the Egyptian al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, the Harakat ul-Ansar, and other groups.
In 1994 Sudan—under pressure from Saudi Arabia and the U.S.—expelled bin Laden, who moved his base of operations to Afghanistan. Bin Laden was the "guest" of the Taliban until the U.S. drove them from power in Nov. 2001. Al-Qaeda set up terrorist training camps in the war-torn nation, as it had in Sudan.
Leadership and Structure
Although al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden have become virtually synonymous, bin Laden did not run the organization single-handedly. His top advisor was al-Zawahiri, bin Laden's successor. Al-Zawahiri is an Egyptian surgeon from an upper-class family. He joined the country's Islamist movement in the late 1970s. He served three years in prison on charges connected to the assassination of Anwar Sadat, during which time he was tortured. After his release he went to Afghanistan, where he met bin Laden and became his personal physician and advisor. He was likely instrumental in bin Laden's political evolution.
Al-Zawahiri is suspected of helping organize the 1997 massacre of 67 foreign tourists in the Egyptian town of Luxor and was indicted in connection with the bombing of U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. In 1998, he was one of five Islamic leaders to sign on to bin Laden's declaration calling for attacks against U.S. citizens. He is wanted by the FBI and has been sentenced to death by Egypt in absentia. In March 2004 the Pakistani military began an assault on al-Qaeda troops along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. These troops were believed to be defending al-Zawahiri, who managed to escape.
Al-Qaeda's leadership oversees a loosely organized network of cells. It can recruit members from thousands of "Arab Afghan" veterans and radicals around the world. Its infrastructure is small, mobile, and decentralized—each cell operates independently with its members not knowing the identity of other cells. Local operatives rarely know anyone higher up in the organization's hierarchy.
Al-Qaeda differs significantly from more traditional terrorist organizations. It does not depend on the sponsorship of a political state, and, unlike the PLO or the IRA, it is not defined by a particular conflict. Instead, al-Qaeda operates as a franchise. It provides financial and logistical support, as well as name recognition, to terrorist groups operating in such diverse places as the Philippines, Algeria, Eritrea, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Tajikistan, Somalia, Yemen, and Kashmir. Furthermore, local groups may act in the name of al-Qaeda in order to bolster their own reputation—even if they are not receiving support from the organization.
Ideology and Goals
The principal stated aims of al-Qaeda are to drive Americans and American influence out of all Muslim nations, especially Saudi Arabia; destroy Israel; and topple pro-Western dictatorships around the Middle East. Bin Laden also said that he wishes to unite all Muslims and establish, by force if necessary, an Islamic nation adhering to the rule of the first Caliphs.
According to bin Laden's 1998 fatwa (religious decree), it is the duty of Muslims around the world to wage holy war on the U.S., American citizens, and Jews. Muslims who do not heed this call are declared apostates (people who have forsaken their faith).
Al-Qaeda's ideology, often referred to as "jihadism," is marked by a willingness to kill "apostate" —and Shiite—Muslims and an emphasis on jihad. Although "jihadism" is at odds with nearly all Islamic religious thought, it has its roots in the work of two modern Sunni Islamic thinkers: Mohammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Sayyid Qutb.
Al-Wahhab was an 18th-century reformer who claimed that Islam had been corrupted a generation or so after the death of Mohammed. He denounced any theology or customs developed after that as non-Islamic, including more than 1,000 years of religious scholarship. He and his supporters took over what is now Saudi Arabia, where Wahhabism remains the dominant school of religious thought.
Sayyid Qutb, a radical Egyptian scholar of the mid-20th century, declared Western civilization the enemy of Islam, denounced leaders of Muslim nations for not following Islam closely enough, and taught that jihad should be undertaken not just to defend Islam, but to purify it.
The War on Terrorism
In response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the U.S. invaded Afghanistan in October 2001 to dismantle al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Al-Qaeda's infrastructure in the country was destroyed and their military commander, Muhammed Atef, was killed. Abu Zubaydah, another top operative, was captured in Pakistan. Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri, however, escaped. They have released audio and video messages to the Arab media from time to time.
In March 2003 the U.S. widened the war on terrorism by invading Iraq and deposing Saddam Hussein and his Baath party (see Iraq profile). The decision to encompass Iraq in "the war on terror" was highly controversial. Although President Bush asserted that there was a working relationship between Hussein and al-Qaeda, no solid proof of collaboration between them—specifically on the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, or on any other terrorist activities—emerged.
2004—The Madrid Bombing
On March 11, 2004, Spain's most horrific terrorist attack occurred: 202 people were killed and 1,400 were injured in bombings at Madrid's railway station. Evidence soon emerged that al-Qaeda was responsible. By April, a dozen suspects, most of them Moroccan, were arrested for the bombings. On April 4, several suspects blew themselves up during a police raid to avoid capture. Many Spaniards blamed their prime minister's staunch support of the U.S. and the war in Iraq for making Spain an al-Qaeda target. [More on the Madrid bombing.]
2005—The London Bombing
On July 7, 2005, London suffered a terrorist bombing, its worst attack since World War II. Four bombs exploded in three subway stations and on one double-decker bus during the morning rush hour, killing at least 52 and wounding more than 700. A group calling itself the Secret Organization of al-Qaeda in Europe claimed responsibility on a Web site, asserting that the attacks were a retaliation for Britain's involvement in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. A year after the bombing, British investigators concluded that the links between the bombers and al-Qaeda were marginal. The four bombers, all born in Britain, had all visited Pakistan, but there was no evidence of any direct support from al-Qaeda.
Al-Qaeda in Iraq
As the Iraqi insurgency has continued, however, suspected al-Qaeda terrorists have moved into the country and are likely responsible for kidnappings and a string of suicide-bomb attacks. In February 2004, U.S. forces intercepted a letter believed to have been written by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a Jordanian radical. The letter outlined plans to destabilize Iraq by igniting sectarian conflict between Shia and Sunni Muslims. Al-Zarqawi is thought to have been the mastermind behind the 1,000 to 3,000 foreign insurgents fighting in Iraq. For a time, al-Zarqawi appeared to position himself as a rival to bin Laden, but in Oct. 2004 he officially declared allegiance to al-Qaeda, changing the name of his organization from Unification and Jihad to al-Qaeda in Iraq. In an audiotape a few months later bin Laden declared that "the dear mujahed brother Abu Musab al-Zarqawi is the prince of al-Qaeda in Iraq," and announced that "we, in al-Qaeda organization, welcome him joining forces with us."
Despite the U.S. "war on terror," al-Qaeda continues to be a threat worldwide. There have been continued attacks by al-Qaeda terrorists since September 11, 2001. Until his death, Osama bin Laden played an important role in shaping the group's mission, and al-Zawahiri still does. In April, 2004, bin Laden offered a truce to Europe, saying that al-Qaeda would not attack any country, with the exception of the U.S., that withdrew its troops from the Islamic world within three months. European leaders quickly rejected the offer.
In December 2007, Gen. Gen. David Petraeus, commander of the multinational force in Iraq, reported that al-Qaeda in Iraq posed the greatest threat to Iraq's security. Indeed, in January 2008, the U.S. military reported that in 2007, al-Qaeda in Iraq was responsible for some 4,500 attacks against civilians that killed 3,870 people and wounded almost 18,000. By September 2008, however, al-Qaeda in Iraq had been sharply weakened, if not diminished entirely. The success in routing out the terrorist group has been attributed to Sunni Awakening Councils, former tribal leaders and insurgents who turned against al-Qaeda in Iraq as it became increasingly sectarian, and sided with the U.S.
Zarqawi Killed
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the most-wanted terrorist in Iraq (see above), was killed in June 2006 when U.S. warplanes dropped 500-lb. bombs on his safe house. Zarqawi's death is considered America’s single biggest victory in nearly five years of fighting Islamist terror. Zarqawi was responsible for many of the most brutal and horrific attacks in Iraqi.
The Splintering and Proliferation of Al-Qaeda
In recent years, many of the most horrific bombings attributed to al-Qaeda—most notably Bali, Madrid, London, and Algeria—are believed to have been carried out by terrorist groups linked more in spirit than in substance to al-Qaeda. Al-Zarqawi, the most active terrorist in recent years, for example, only officially joined al-Qaeda in the years after he initiated his reign of terror in Iraq. Al-Qaeda has been more than happy to take credit for the various bombings, but it is thought that it has offered philosophical motivation more than a direct support for the atrocities committed by these splinter groups. While al-Qaeda encourages its reputation as a vast global network, many experts believe that at this stage al-Qaeda itself has just a small core of adherents, but serves as the virulent inspiration to countless violent Islamic extremists.
While the war on terror has cost the United States some $1 trillion, al-Qeada remains a global threat. In fact, in August 2008, Ted Gistaro, the U.S. government's senior terrorism analyst, said in a report that by forging closer ties to Pakistani militants, al-Qaeda is more capable of launching an attack in the United States than it was in 2007. The Pakistani militants have given al-Qaeda leaders safe haven in remote areas to train recruits.
John Brennan, President Barack Obama's senior adviser on counterterrorism and homeland security, said in August 2009 that although al-Qaeda "has been seriously damaged and forced to replace many of its top-tier leadership with less experienced and less capable individuals," the terrorist group remains the country's No. 1 threat.
In the wake of bin Laden's death, that threat may escalate. Analysts expressed concern that Al-Qaeda may seek retaliation. U.S. embassies throughout the world were put on high alert, and the U.S. State Department issued a warning for travelers visiting dangerous countries, instructing them "to limit their travel outside of their homes and hotels and avoid mass gatherings and demonstrations." Some Afghan officials expressed concern that bin Laden's death might be seen as a reason for the U.S. to withdraw from Afghanistan, saying terrorism continues to plague the country and the region.
5:00 AM: National Public Radio begins broadcasting its pre-recorded program, Morning Edition, beginning with a story about President Bush visiting a school in Florida.
6:00 AM: Mohamed Atta and Abdul Aziz al Omari arrive at the airport in Portland, Maine, for a flight to Boston.
6:00 AM: In New York City, Howard Stern begins another broadcast of The Howard Stern Show.
6:45 AM: Atta and Omari arrive in Boston.
6:52 AM: Atta receives a phone call from Marwan al Shehhi, fellow hijacker at another terminal at Logan Airport. They speak for three minutes.
6:45 AM: Atta and Omari, along with Satam al Suqami,Wail al Shehri, and Waleed al Shehri, check in and board American Airlines Flight 11 [1st impact, north tower], bound for Los Angeles, sometime between 6:45 and 7:40. The flight is scheduled to depart at 7:45.
In another Logan terminal, Shehhi, joined by Fayez Banihammad, Mohand al Shehri, Ahmed al Ghamdi, and Hamza al Ghamdi, check in for United Airlines Flight 175 [2nd impact, south tower], also bound for Los Angeles.
7:00 AM: In New York City, Howard Stern begins hour 2 of The Howard Stern Show.
7:15 AM: Khalid al Mihdhar and Majed Moqed check in with American Airline at Dulles in Washington for flight 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon], bound for Los Angeles. Within the next 20 minutes, they are joined by Hani Hanjour and two brothers, Nawaf al Hazmi and Salem al Hazmi.
7:39 to 7:48 AM: All four hijackers have boarded UA 93 [4th impact, PA] in Newark, New Jersey.
7:40 AM: AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] pushes back from the gate at Logan.
7:58 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] pushes back from the gate. It is scheduled to depart at 8:00, but is delayed 14 minutes.
7:59 AM: AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] departs Logan.
8:00 AM: Scheduled departure time of UA 93 [4th impact, PA] out of Newark, New Jersey. Due to heavy airport traffic, the plane is delayed and won't be airborne until 42 minutes later.
In New York City, Howard Stern begins hour 3 of The Howard Stern Show. As American Airlines 11 crashes, the conversation focuses on a missed Stern sexual opportunity with Pamela Anderson.
8:09 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] pushes back from the gate at Washington Dulles.
8:14 AM: AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] has its last routine radio communication. The takeover likely happens only moments later. When the aircraft fails to heed instruction to climb to 35,000 feet, the controller repeatedly tries to raise the flight.
8:14 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] departs Logan in Boston.
8:19 AM: Flight attendant Betty Ong onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] notifies AA of hijacking.
8:20 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] departs Washington Dulles. It was scheduled to depart at 8:00 but is delayed 20 minutes
8:21 AM: AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] transponder is turned off.
8:23 AM: AA attempts to contact the cockpit of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:24 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], Atta keys the cockpit microphone in an attempt to communicate with the passengers. Instead, he transmits outside the aircraft and those transmissions are recorded on the ground. He says, "We have some planes. Just stay quiet and you'll be okay. We are returning to the airport." And then, “Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you’ll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet.”
8:25 AM: Boston Center is aware of the hijacking of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:25 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], flight attendant Amy Sweeney gets through to the American Flight Services Office in Boston but is cut off.
8:26 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], flight attendant Betty Ong reports that the plane is “flying erratically.”
8:27 AM: AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] turns south.
8:28 AM: Boston Center calls the Command Center in Herndon to advise that it
believes American 11 has been hijacked and is heading toward New York Center’s airspace.
8:29 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], flight attendant Amy Sweeney again gets through to the American Flight Services Office in Boston but is again cut off.
8:32 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], flight attendant Amy Sweeney is reconnected to the Flight Services Office in Boston and begins relaying updates to the manager, Michael Woodward.
8:32 AM: Boston Center notifies the Operations Center at FAA headquarters of hijacking of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:34 AM: The Boston Center controller receives a third transmission from American 11: "Nobody move please. We are going back to the airport. Don’t try to make any stupid moves."
8:37 AM: Boston Center notifies NEADS of hijacking of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower]. This is the first notification received by the military—at any level—that American 11 has been hijacked NEADS promptly orders to battle stations the two F-15 alert aircraft at Otis Air Force Base, about 153 miles away from New York City. The air defense of America began with this call.
8:38: AM: Betty Ong tells the FAA that the AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] is flying erratically again. Sweeney tells Woodward that the hijackers are Middle Easterners, and names three of their seat numbers. This becomes key information for the early stages of the investigation.
8:41 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] enters New York City's airspace.
8:42 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] has its last radio communication with the ground, in which they report on a “suspicious transmission” overheard from another plane (which turned out to have been AA 11) [1st impact, north tower].
8:42 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] departs Newark, New Jersey, now airborne about 25 minutes after it would have been if it had pulled back from the gate at 8:00 as scheduled.
8:42-8:46 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] is taken over by the hijackers.
8:44 AM: The FAA loses phone contact with Betty Ong onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:45 AM: Onboard AA 11 [1st impact, north tower], Amy Sweeney reports to Woodward, “Something is wrong. We are in a rapid descent . . .we are all over the place.” Woodward asks Sweeney to look out the window to see if she can determine where they are. Sweeney responds: “We are flying low. We are flying very, very low. We are flying way too low.” Seconds later she says, “Oh my God we are way too low.” The phone call ends.
8:46 AM: NEADS scrambles Otis fighter jets in search of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:47 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] transponder code changes twice.
8:48 AM: A New York Center manager provides a report on a Command Center teleconference about American 11, to the New York Center controller. They were unaware that AA 11 had already crashed
8:51 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] deviates from its assigned altitude.
8:51 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] has its last routine radio communication. It has been airborne for 31 minutes.
8:51-8:54 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] is taken over by hijackers.
8:46 AM: NEADS scrambles Otis fighter jets in search of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower].
8:47 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] transponder code changes twice.
8:48 AM: A New York Center manager provides a report on a Command Center teleconference about American 11, to the New York Center controller. They were unaware that AA 11 had already crashed
8:51 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] deviates from its assigned altitude.
8:51 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] has its last routine radio communication. It has been airborne for 31 minutes.
8:51-8:54 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] is taken over by hijackers.
8:52 AM: Onboard UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] a male flight attendant calls a United office in San Francisco, reaching Marc Policastro and reports that the flight has been hijacked. The call lasts about two minutes.
8:53 AM: Otis fighter jets, scrambled 7 minutes earlier, are now airborne. They begin searching for American Airlines Flight 11 [1st impact, north tower], which crashed 7 minutes earlier. Lacking a target, they are vectored toward military-controlled airspace off the Long Island coast. To avoid New York area air traffic and uncertain about what to do, the fighters are brought down to military airspace to “hold as needed.” From 9:09 to 9:13, the Otis fighters stay in this holding pattern.
8:54 AM: UA attempts to contact UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] cockpit following phone call from flight attendant.
8:54 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] makes unauthorized turn to the south and then disappears from radar.
8:55 AM: New York Center suspects hijacking of UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower].
8:55 AM: President Bush is told by Karl Rove that a small, twin-engine plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. Standing outside of a classroom in Sarasota Florida, The President’s reaction was to assume that the incident must have been caused by pilot error. He then calls National Security Advisor Condoleeza Rice at the White House.
8:56 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] transponder is turned off.
8:58 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] turns toward New York City.
8:59 AM: UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] passenger Brian David Sweeney tries to call his wife, Julie. He leaves a message on their home answering machine that the plane has been hijacked. He then calls his mother, Louise Sweeney, tells her the flight has been hijacked, and adds that the passengers are thinking about storming the cockpit to take control of the plane away from the hijackers.
9:00 AM: Lee Hanson receives a chilling phone call from his son, Peter onboard UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] . It ends abruptly. Lee hears a woman scream just before it cuts off. He turns on a television and sees the second aircraft hit the World Trade Center.
9:00 AM: In New York City, Howard Stern interrupts the fun during The Howard Stern Show at approximately 9:00 to say that a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. After a few minutes, they return to discussing Pamela Anderson. As with all Americans, it took time for the magnitude of the day's events to register
[ excerpt].
9:01-9:02 AM: A manager from New York Center tells the Command Center in Herndon that there are "several situations" going on here and references an "other aircraft"
9:01 AM: While Command Center was told about this "other aircraft" at 9:01 a.m., New York Center contacted New York terminal approach control and asked for help in locating United 175
9:03 AM: Meanwhile, a manager from Boston Center reports to FAA New England that they have deciphered what they had heard in one of the first hijacker transmissions from American 11 at 8:24 AM, that the hijacker said, "We have some planes".
9:03 AM: Indianapolis Center starts, now unable to find AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] for ten minutes, begins notifying other agencies that the plane is missing and has possibly crashed. They are unaware of the other hijackings.
9:05 AM: AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] reemerges as a primary target on Indianapolis Center radar scopes, east of its last known position. It remains on their scopes for another six minutes, then crosses into the western portion of Washington Center’s airspace at 9:10. As Indianapolis Center continues searching for the aircraft, two managers and the controller responsible for American 77 look to the west and southwest along the flight’s projected path, not east—where the aircraft was now heading. They never saw AA 77 turn around.
9:05 AM: AA headquarters is aware that AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] is hijacked.
9:05 AM: The Howard Stern Show is interrupted with news of the second impact. His regular co-hosts have difficulty believing that both WTC towers are on fire. Stern is quick to suggest terrorism.
Excerpt
Bush told of 2nd crash
9:05 AM: The President is seated in a classroom in Sarasota, Florida, when White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card whispers to him: “A second plane hit the second tower. America is under attack.” The President remains in the classroom for another five to seven minutes, while the children continue reading.
9:07 AM: 31-year-old Melissa Harrington Hughes, an international trade consultant, was in New York attending a financial conference, staying in the Marriott Hotel on floor 101 of the World Trade Center's North Tower. She made
a phone call to her father at 8:55, then at 9:07 was able to get through to San Francisco to leave this message for her sleeping husband
9:08 AM: Indianapolis Center asks Air Force Search and Rescue at Langley Air Force Base to look for a downed aircraft.
9:08 AM: The Mission Crew Commander at NEADS learned of the second explosion at the World Trade Center and decided against holding the fighters in military air space away from Manhattan
9:09 AM: Otis fighters reach holding pattern.
9:09 AM: Fighters from Langley Air Force Base in Virginia are sent to New York, to provide backup.
9:09 AM: Indianapolis Center reports the loss of contact with AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] to the FAA regional center, which passed this information to FAA headquarters at 9:24.
9:12 AM: Onboard AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon], passenger Renee May calls her mother, who then calls AA to tell them the plane has been hijacked.
9:13 AM: While still broadcasting live in New York City and after viewing television footage of the 2nd plane strike, Howard Stern is perhaps the first media broadcaster to publicly declare that America is under attack. Comparatively, the CNN anchor continued to suggest that the two plane crashes were purely coincidental accidents for a full 18 minutes after the 2nd attack. Stern also suggests, without actually saying so, that the attack is being carried out by Middle Eastern terrorists [ excerpt ].
9:13 AM: The Otis fighters, now about 115 miles away from New York City, exit their holding pattern and set a course direct for Manhattan.
9:15 AM: New York Center advises NEADS that UA 175 was the second aircraft that crashed into WTC.
9:15 AM: President Bush leaves the classroom and returns to a holding room, where he is briefed by staff and sees television coverage. He next speaks to Vice President Cheney, Dr. Rice, New York Governor George Pataki, and FBI Director Robert Mueller. He decides to make a brief statement from the school before leaving for the airport. For the next fifteen minutes, the staff is busy arranging a return to Washington, while the President consults his senior advisers about his remarks. No one in the traveling party has any information during this time that other aircraft are hijacked or missing. Staff are in contact with the White House Situation Room, apparently no one with the President was in contact with the Pentagon. The focus was on the President’s statement to the nation. The only decision made during this time was to return to Washington.
9:16 AM: AA headquarters is now aware that AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] has crashed into WTC (30 minutes ago).
9:17 AM: The Federal Aviation Administration shuts down all New York City area airports.
9:19 AM: Now worried about other transcontinental flights, the FAA’s New England regional office calls Herndon and asks that Cleveland Center advise Delta 1989 to use extra cockpit security.
9:19 AM: A United Airlines flight dispatcher, Ed Ballinger, takes the initiative to begin transmitting warnings to his 16 transcontinental flights: “Beware any cockpit intrusion—Two a/c [aircraft] hit World Trade Center.”
9:20 AM: UA headquarters is aware that UA 175 [2nd impact, south tower] has crashed into the WTC (17 minutes ago).
9:21 AM: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey orders all bridges and tunnels in the New York area closed.
9:21 AM: Still looking for AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon], The Command Center advises the Dulles terminal control facility. Dulles urges its controllers to look for primary targets (now missing for 28 minutes).
9:21 AM: Boston Center erroneously advises NEADS that AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] is still airborne and heading for Washington (it crashed 35 minutes ago) The NEADS technician who took this call from the FAA immediately passed the word to the Mission Crew Commander
9:23 AM: Bob Edwards, host of NPR's Morning Edition, breaks into the rebroadcast of the show to inform listeners that two planes have struck the twin towers of The World Trade Center. Coverage continues on Morning Edition until 11:00, when Neal Conan takes over.
9:24 AM: NEADS scrambles Langley fighter jets in search of AA 11 [1st impact, north tower] (it crashed 38 minutes ago).
9:24 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] receives warning from UA flight dispatcher Ed Ballinger to be aware of possible cockpit intrusion.
9:25 AM: Herndon Command Center orders nationwide ground stop.
9:25 AM: Otis fighters arrive and establish a combat air patrol (CAP) over New York City.
9:26 AM: Onboard UA 93 [4th impact, PA], the pilot, Jason Dahl, responds to the cockpit intrusion warning with a note of puzzlement: “Ed [Ballinger], confirm latest mssg plz—Jason.”
9:26 AM: Onboard AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] Lawyer and TV commentator Barbara Olson calls her husband, Ted Olson, the Solicitor General of the United States, for the 2nd time. He tells her of the previous hijackings and crashes and then they are cut off.
9:27 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] has last routine radio communication.
9:28 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] is taken over by hijackers. While traveling 35,000 feet above eastern Ohio, United 93 suddenly drops 700 feet. Eleven seconds into the descent, the FAA’s air traffic control center in Cleveland receives the first of two radio transmissions from the aircraft. During the first broadcast, the captain or first officer can be heard declaring “Mayday” amid the sounds of a physical struggle in the cockpit. The second radio transmission, 35 seconds later, indicates that the fight was continuing. The captain or first officer can be heard shouting: “Hey get out of here—get out of here—get out of here.”
9:29 AM: The autopilot on AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] is disengaged.
9:30 AM: The FAA, the White House, and the Defense Department each initiate a multi-agency teleconference. Because none of these teleconferences—at least before 10:00—include the right officials from both the FAA and Defense Department, none succeed in meaningfully coordinating the military and FAA response to the hijackings.
9:30 AM: President Bush, speaking in Sarasota, Florida, says the country has suffered an "apparent terrorist attack." His words suggest he believes that the attack is over.
9:32 AM: Still looking for AA 77, Dulles tower finally observes a primary radar image of a fast-moving aircraft. It is AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon]), now amazingly missing for 39 minutes.
9:32 AM: Onboard UA 93 [4th impact, PA] ,a hijacker, probably Jarrah, attempts to make the following announcement to the passengers of Flight 93: “Ladies and Gentlemen: Here the captain, please sit down keep remaining sitting. We have a bomb on board. So, sit.” Jarrah then turns the aircraft around and heads east.
9:32 AM: Passengers onboard UA 93 [4th impact, PA] begin to make phone calls to family, friends, and colleagues. These calls continue until the aircraft crashes 31 minutes later and provide those on the ground with firsthand accounts. They enable the passengers to gain critical information, including the news that two aircraft have slammed into the World Trade Center.
9:34 AM: After receiving a warning from Dulles, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport advises the Secret Service of an unknown aircraft heading in the direction of the White House (AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon]). Reagan National controllers then vector an unarmed National Guard C-130H cargo aircraft, which has just taken off en route to Minnesota, to identify and follow the suspicious aircraft. The C-130H pilot spots it, identifies it as a Boeing 757, and attempt to follow its path.
9:34 AM: FAA advises NEADS that AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon] is missing when NEADS makes a chance call to inquire about AA 11. If NEADS had not placed that call, the NEADS air defenders would have received no information whatsoever that the flight was even missing, although the FAA had been searching for it.
9:34 AM: Herndon Command Center advises FAA headquarters that UA 93 [4th impact, PA] is hijacked.
9:35 PM: The President's motorcade departs the elementary school.
9:36 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] flight attendant notifies UA hijacking; UA attempts to contact the cockpit.
9:36 AM: The FAA’s Boston Center calls NEADS and relays the discovery about an unidentified aircraft (AA 77 [3rd impact, Pentagon]) closing in on Washington: “Latest report. Aircraft VFR [visual flight rules] six miles southeast of the White House. . . . Six, southwest. Six, southwest of the White House, deviating away.” The Langley fighters are ordered to Washington, D.C.
9:36 AM.: Vice President Richard Cheney is evacuated to the underground bunker in the White House by Secret Service agents.
9:39 AM: The FAA’s Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center overhears a second announcement from UA 93 [4th impact, PA] by hijacker Ziad Jarrah indicating that there is a bomb on board, that the plane is returning to the airport
9:40 AM (approximately): Arlington Virginia Police dispatches emergency response to the Pentagon
9:40 AM: The FAA halts all flight operations at U.S. airports, the first time in U.S. history that air traffic nationwide has been halted.
9:41 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] transponder is turned off.
9:42-9:45 AM: The President's motorcade arrives at the airport in Sarasota. The President learned of the attack on the Pentagon en route.
9:46 AM: The Command Center updates FAA headquarters that UA 93 [4th impact, PA] was now “twenty-nine minutes out of Washington, D.C.”
9:49 AM: 13 minutes after Cleveland Center has asked about getting military help, the Command Center suggests that someone at headquarters should decide whether to request military assistance in regards to UA 93 [4th impact, PA]
9:50 AM (approximately): New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani is interviewed on the street.
9:52 AM: Mrs. Cheney arrives at the White House and joins her husband in the bunker.
9:54 AM: Air Force One departs from Sarasota without any fixed destination after it's decided the
President should not return to Washington (upon the advice of the Secret Service, staff, and the Vice President)
9:57 AM: President Bush departs from Florida.
9:57 AM: UA 93 [4th impact, PA] passenger revolt begins.
9:59 AM: The South Tower of the World Trade Center, struck by United Airlines 175 at 9:03 AM, collapses, plummeting into the streets below. A massive cloud of dust and debris forms and slowly drifts away from the building.
10:03:11 AM: After a struggle between the passengers of United Airlines Flight 93 and their hijackers for control of the aircraft, Flight 93 crashes in field in Shanksville, PA.
10:07 AM: NEADS receives its first call about United 93 from the military liaison at Cleveland Center, at Unaware that the aircraft had already crashed, Cleveland passes to NEADS the aircraft's last known latitude and longitude. NEADS is never able to locate United 93 on radar because it has already in the ground.
10:08 AM: Command Center updates FAA Headquarters on UA 93 [4th impact, PA] hijacking, 5 minutes after it has crashed
10:08 AM: Secret Service agents armed with automatic rifles are deployed into Lafayette Park across from the White House.
10:10 AM: A portion of the Pentagon's "E Section" collapses.
10:10 AM: NEADS calls Washington Center to report that UA 93 [4th impact, PA] is down
10:10-10:15 AM: In a phone call with the Vice President, President Bush gives authority for pilots to shoot down civilian aircraft that have been hijacked.
10:13 AM: The United Nations building evacuates, including 4,700 people from the headquarters building and 7,000 total from UNICEF and U.N. development programs.
10:15 AM: UA headquarters aware that Flight 93 has crashed in PA; Washington Center advises NEADS that Flight 93 has crashed in PA.
10:18-10:20: At the advice of White House Deputy Chief of Staff Joshua Bolten, Vice President Cheney calls the President to confirm the shoot-down order as it is believed UA 93 is still approaching Washington.
10:22 AM: In Washington, the State and Justice departments are evacuated, along with the World Bank.
10:24 AM: The FAA reports that all inbound transatlantic aircraft flying into the United States are being diverted to Canada.
The North Tower collapses
10:28 AM: The World Trade Center's North Tower collapses from the top down as if it were being peeled apart, releasing a tremendous cloud of debris and smoke.
The video by Dr. Heath begins a few moments before the collapse of the North Tower. Dr. Mark Heath has gone down to the site to see if he can be of any assistance, and has taken his video camera with him. He is filming as the North Tower collapses on top of him. After the debris clears enough to be able to see, you can hear the strange, eerie noises of the emergency workers' personal alarms that are set to go off when they sense that the wearer is not moving. This is one of the most powerful pieces of video shot on 9/11.
10:30 AM: AA headquarters confirms AA 77 crash into Pentagon.
10:30 AM: The White House shelter starts receiving reports of another hijacked plane, this time only 5 to 10 miles out. It turns out to be a medivac helicopter.
10:45 AM: All federal office buildings in Washington are evacuated.
10:45 AM (approximately): NBC shows footage, recorded earlier, of Palestinians celebrating the terrorist attacks on America
10.46 AM.: U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell cuts short his trip to Latin America to return to the United States.
10.48 AM: Police confirm the plane crash in Pennsylvania.
10:53 AM: New York's primary elections, scheduled for Tuesday, are postponed.
10:54 AM: Israel evacuates all diplomatic missions.
10: 57 AM: New York Governor George Pataki says all state government offices are closed.
11:00 AM (approximately): Eyewitness descriptions recorded throughout the morning are broadcast
11:02 AM: New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani urges New Yorkers to stay at home and orders an evacuation of the area south of Canal Street.
11:16 AM: CNN reports that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is preparing emergency-response teams in a precautionary move.
11:18 AM: American Airlines reports it has lost two aircraft. American Flight 11, a Boeing 767 flying from Boston to Los Angeles, had 81 passengers and 11 crew aboard. Flight 77, a Boeing 757 en route from Washington's Dulles International Airport to Los Angeles, had 58 passengers and six crew members aboard.
11:26 AM: United Airlines reports that United Flight 93, en route from Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco, California, has crashed in Pennsylvania. The airline also says that it is "deeply concerned" about United Flight 175
11:48 AM: CBS employee Carol Marin in the studio, still covered in dust, describes her harrowing experience
11:59 AM: United Airlines confirms that Flight 175, from Boston to Los Angeles, has crashed with 56 passengers and nine crew members aboard.
12:04 PM: Los Angeles International Airport, the destination of three of the crashed airplanes, is evacuated.
12:15 PM: San Francisco International Airport is evacuated and shut down. The airport was the destination of United Airlines Flight 93, which crashed in Pennsylvania.
12:15 PM: The Immigration and Naturalization Service says U.S. borders with Canada and Mexico are on the highest state of alert, but no decision has been made about closing borders.
12:30 PM: The FAA says 50 flights are in U.S. airspace, but none are reporting any problems
1:04 PM: Bush speech, recorded at 12:36 at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana is played. Bush says that all appropriate security measures are being taken, including putting the U.S. military on high alert worldwide. He asks for prayers for those killed or wounded in the attacks and says, "Make no mistake, the United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts"
1:27 PM: A state of emergency is declared by the city of Washington.
1:45 PM (approximately): NYC Mayor Giuliani talks to Fox News by phone about the city's emergency response. He continued to give more media interviews around this time
1:44 PM: The Pentagon says five warships and two aircraft carriers will leave the U.S. Naval Station in Norfolk, Virginia, to protect the East Coast from further attack and to reduce the number of ships in port. The two carriers, the
USS George Washington and the USS John F. Kennedy, are headed for the New York coast. The other ships headed to sea are frigates and guided missile destroyers capable of shooting down aircraft.
1:47 PM: White House Press Secretary Hari Fleischer gives a press briefing aboard Airforce One [transcript].
1:48 PM: Bush leaves Barksdale Air Force Base aboard Air Force One and flies to an Air Force base in Nebraska.
2:00 PM: Senior FBI sources tell CNN they are working on the assumption that the four airplanes that crashed were hijacked as part of a terrorist attack.
2:30 PM: The FAA announces there will be no U.S. commercial air traffic until noon EDT Wednesday at the earliest.
2:38 PM: Mayor Giuliani and Governor Pataki hold a joint news conference at the Police Academy. Mayor Giuliani says that subway and bus service are partially restored in New York City. Asked about the number of people killed, Giuliani says, "I don't think we want to speculate about that -- more than any of us can bear"
3:00 PM (approximately): The Pentagon holds a news conference outdoors
3:55 PM: Bush counselor Karen Hughes makes the first in-person appearance by a member of the President's staff since the attacks and says the president is at an undisclosed location, later revealed to be Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska, and is conducting a National Security Council meeting by phone. VP Dick Cheney and National Security Adviser Condoleeza Rice are in a secure facility at the White House. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is at the Pentagon
3:55 PM: Giuliani now says the number of critically injured in New York City is up to 200 with 2,100 total injuries reported.
4:00 PM: CNN National Security Correspondent David Ensor reports that U.S. officials say there are "good indications" that Saudi militant Osama bin Laden, suspected of coordinating the bombings of two U.S. embassies in 1998, is involved in the attacks, based on "new and specific" information developed since the attacks.
4:06 PM: California Gov. Gray Davis dispatches urban search-and-rescue teams to New York.
4:10 PM: Building 7 of the World Trade Center complex is reported on fire.
4:20 PM: U.S. Sen. Bob Graham, D-Florida, chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, says he was "not surprised there was an attack (but) was surprised at the specificity." He says he was "shocked at what actually happened -- the extent of it"
4:25 PM: The American Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange say they will remain closed Wednesday.
4:30 PM: The president leaves Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska aboard Air Force One to return to Washington.
5:15 PM: CNN Military Affairs Correspondent Jamie McIntyre reports fires are still burning in part of the Pentagon. No death figures have been released yet.
5:20 PM: The 47-story Building 7 of the World Trade Center complex collapses. The evacuated building was damaged when the twin towers across the street collapsed earlier in the day. Other nearby buildings in the area remain ablaze.
5:30 PM: CNN Senior White House Correspondent John King reports that U.S. officials say the plane that crashed in Pennsylvania could have been headed for one of three possible targets: Camp David, the White House or the U.S. Capitol building.
5:30 PM: White House Press Secretary Hari Fleischer hold a press briefing aboard Airforce One, en route. to Andrews Airforce Base, Maryland [transcript].
6:00 PM: Explosions are heard in Kabul, Afghanistan, hours after terrorist attacks targeted financial and military centers in the United States. The attacks occurred at 2:30 a.m. local time. Afghanistan is believed to be where bin Laden, who U.S. officials say is possibly behind Tuesday's deadly attacks, is located. U.S. officials say later that the United States had no involvement in the incident whatsoever. The attack is credited to the Northern Alliance, a group fighting the Taliban in the country's ongoing civil war.
6:10 PM: Giuliani urges New Yorkers to stay home Wednesday if they can.
6:30 PM (Approximately): Air Force One with military fighter escort, on its way to Andrews Air Force Base
6:40 PM: U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld holds a news conference in the Pentagon, noting the building is operational. "It will be in business tomorrow," he says
6:54 PM: While Rumsfeld is speaking, President Bush arrives at the White House, after exiting Air Force One at 6:42 p.m. and flying across Washington in Marine One. CNN's King reports Laura Bush arrived earlier by motorcade from a "secure location"
7:00 PM: Minnesota Public Radio's Marketplace airs [9/11 broadcast from archives].
7:02 PM: CNN's Paula Zahn reports the Marriott Hotel near the World Trade Center is on the verge of collapse and says some New York bridges are now open to outbound traffic.
Congress sings "God Bless America" on the Capitol steps (2 views)
7:17 PM: U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft says the FBI is setting up a Web site for tips on the attacks. He also gives out the phone number for family and friends of possible victims to leave contact information.
7:45 PM: The New York Police Department says that at least 78 officers are missing. The city also says that as many as half of the first 400 firefighters on the scene were killed.
7:45 PM: Members of Congress gather on the steps outside. After comments by Dennis Hastert and Tom Daschle, they spontaneously begin singing "God Bless America"
8:00 PM (approximately): Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) is interviewed by CNN on the steps of Capitol Hill
8:30 PM: President Bush addresses the nation, saying "thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil." He announces that the U.S. will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed the acts and those who harbor them
9:00 PM (approximately): CNN's Larry King interviews Senators John Warner (R-VA), John Kerry (D-MA), Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), and Fred Thompson (R-TN)
9:22 PM: CNN's McIntyre reports the fire at the Pentagon is still burning and is considered contained but not under control.
10:00 PM: NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani says New York City schools will be closed Wednesday and no more volunteers are needed for Tuesday evening's rescue efforts. He says there is hope that there are still people alive in rubble. He also says that power is out on the westside of Manhattan and that health department tests show there are no airborne chemical agents about which to worry. Giuliani names some of the high-ranking police and fire officers that are missing
10:30 PM: Some of the first video shot at "Ground Zero" is shown on the air for the first time
Bin Laden file footage is shown
10:49 PM: CNN Congressional Correspondent Jonathan Karl reports that Attorney General Ashcroft told members of Congress that there were three to five hijackers on each plane armed only with knives.
10:50 PM: CNN interviews terrorism expert Peter Bergen, who once interviewed Osama Bin Laden
10:56 PM: CNN's Zahn reports that New York City police believe there are people alive in buildings near the World Trade Center. Footage of the evening rescue effort is shown
11:54 PM: CNN Washington Bureau Chief Frank Sesno reports that a government official told him there was an open microphone on one of the hijacked planes and that sounds of discussion and "duress" were heard. Sesno also reports a source says law enforcement has "credible" information and leads and is confident about the investigation.
Another Badd Creation Productions (Clay County Mobile DJ Service, 32656)
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